- Saudi crown prince says no Israel ties without Palestinian state
- Canada to further cut international student, foreign worker permits
- YouTube launches new TV-focused tools for creators
- White Sox heading for worst season in MLB history
- China the top challenge in US history: senior diplomat
- Hong Kong democracy tycoon's son warns time running out
- New migraine drugs no better than cheap painkillers: big study
- Sean 'Diddy' Combs again denied bail in sex trafficking case
- Brewers clinch division title as MLB playoff race heats up
- Man City blunted by 'giant' Inter in Champions League stalemate
- US stocks dip despite larger Fed interest rate cut
- Man City held by Inter as PSG pinch win in Champions League
- All Blacks recall Beauden Barrett for Australia Test
- Fears of all-out war as new Lebanon device blasts kill 20, wound 450
- Spurs late show saves Postecoglou blushes at Coventry
- PSG snatch late goal to beat Champions League debutants Girona
- Gittens' late double gives Dortmund Champions League win at Brugge
- Man City blunted by Inter in Champions League stalemate
- Hidden talent: French Olympic star Marchand opts for disguise
- MrBeast named in California lawsuit over 'Beast Games' show
- Gauff splits with Gilbert as coach after 14-month run
- Hundreds of thousands at risk in Sudan's El-Fasher: UN
- Harvey Weinstein pleads not guilty to new sex crime charge
- Venezuelan opposition candidate says letter conceding election was coerced
- Ukraine official claims Russian advance in Kursk has been 'stopped'
- X update allows app to bypass Brazil ban: internet providers
- Fears of all-out war as new Lebanon device blasts kill 14, wound 450
- US Fed makes aggressive rate cut, weeks before election
- Arsenal's Odegaard faces lengthy injury absence
- India coal expansion risks massive methane growth: report
- China the top challenge in US history, top diplomat says
- US Fed makes larger half-point cut in first reduction since 2020
- Ronaldo's Al Nassr appoint former AC Milan boss Pioli
- Ainslie 'relieved' as British book place in Louis Vuitton Cup final
- Struggling Roma replace sacked icon De Rossi with Ivan Juric
- Women's NBA will add 15th team in Portland in 2026
- Brazil fires need harsher punishment: environmental police boss
- Boeing to start large temporary furloughs amid Seattle strike
- Fears of all-out war as new Lebanon device blasts kill nine, wound 300
- 'Emergency' declared over falling UK butterfly numbers
- McIlroy outlines threats to golf peace deal
- Stock markets, dollar slip before US rate decision
- Russian advance in Kursk 'stopped': Ukraine official to AFP
- UN members demand end to 'unlawful' Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories
- Snapchat pushes 'safer' platform image, but not everyone agrees
- Three dead, 100 wounded in new wave of Lebanon device explosions
- So where does the oceans' plastic waste come from?
- Allied war heroes buried in Netherlands... 80 years on
- Marsh coy over Australia's choice to open alongside Head
- New London sculpture pays tribute to trans community
RBGPF | 5.79% | 60.5 | $ | |
JRI | 0.45% | 13.44 | $ | |
BCC | 1.33% | 137.06 | $ | |
BCE | 3.09% | 35.61 | $ | |
CMSC | 0.02% | 25.055 | $ | |
CMSD | -0.12% | 24.98 | $ | |
NGG | -0.46% | 70.05 | $ | |
SCS | 0.71% | 14.11 | $ | |
RELX | -0.82% | 47.37 | $ | |
RYCEF | 1.37% | 6.55 | $ | |
RIO | -0.02% | 62.91 | $ | |
VOD | 0.49% | 10.23 | $ | |
GSK | -0.31% | 42.43 | $ | |
AZN | 0.06% | 78.58 | $ | |
BP | -0.37% | 32.43 | $ | |
BTI | -0.34% | 37.88 | $ |
'Ecocide' on Easter Island never took place, studies suggest
Two recent studies have cast doubt on a popular theory that the ancient residents of Easter Island suffered a societal collapse because they overexploited their natural resources, an event often labelled one of history's first "ecocides".
Easter Island, located in the Pacific Ocean 3,700 kilometres (2,300 miles) from the coast of Chile, is best known for the enigmatic "moai" stone statues of humans carved by the Rapanui people.
A widespread theory popularised by historians including US author Jared Diamond claimed that the Rapanui deforested the small island -- which is known to have once been covered in palm trees -- to keep supporting the flourishing culture of its more than 15,000 inhabitants.
The sudden lack of resources is said to have triggered a brutal period of famine and warfare that escalated into cannibalism and ended in a demographic and cultural collapse.
This event in the 1600s abruptly brought an end to the creation of new moai statues -- or so the story goes.
When Europeans first arrived at the island in 1722, they estimated there were only around 3,000 inhabitants.
This tale of ecological suicide -- or "ecocide" -- by the Rapanui "has been presented as a warning tale for humanity's overexploitation of resources," according to the authors of a study published in the journal Nature on Wednesday.
The international team of experts in population genetics tried to find signs of the societal collapse using an advanced statistical tool that reconstructs the genomic history of a people.
They analysed the genomes of 15 Rapanui who lived between 1670 and 1950 -- and found no sign of a societal collapse, which would have caused a sudden reduction in genetic diversity.
"Our genetic analysis shows a stably growing population from the 13th century through to European contact in the 18th century," said study author Barbara Sousa da Mota of the University of Lausanne.
"This stability is critical because it directly contradicts the idea of a dramatic pre-contact population collapse."
The research also shed light on contact between the island's residents and Native Americans well before Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas -- another controversial moment in the history of the Polynesian people.
- Different method, same conclusion -
The new research reinforced the findings of a different study published in June in the journal Science Advances which took a very different approach.
That the two studies reached the same conclusion "shows the importance of looking at the same scientific question from different disciplines," Sousa da Mota told AFP.
The team behind the June study used satellite images to map out rock gardens on the island. Rock gardening is an agricultural method that involves mixing rocks into the soil to preserve nutrients and moisture.
Previous research had claimed that up to 21 square kilometres of the small island -- 12 percent of the total of 164 square kilometres -- was covered with these gardens, which would have been necessary to sustain more than 15,000 people.
- 'We can learn from them' -
But the US-based researchers determined that only 0.76 square kilometres of the island were used as rock gardens.
Such a small harvest of sweet potatoes -- essential to the Rapanui's diet -- from these gardens could not have supported more than 4,000 people, the researchers estimated.
That is close to the number of people that Europeans first found on the island, indicating there never was a society of 15,000 or more that endured a terrifying collapse.
"When we label an entire culture as an example of bad choices, or as a cautionary tale of what not to do, we had better be right, otherwise we feed stereotypes (which themselves have profound consequences on people)," Dylan Davis, a co-author of the Science Advances study, told AFP.
"In this case, the Rapanui managed to survive in one of the most remote places on Earth and did so fairly sustainably until European contact," said the environmental archaeologist at Columbia University.
"This suggests we can learn something from them about how to manage limited resources."
I.Meyer--BTB